Human papillomavirus

Many infections do not cause symptoms in healthy people.The immune system suppresses the activity of the virus, so a person becomes a carrier of infection.Meanwhile, since the virus particles are contained in the patient's biological fluid, pathogen transmission in other people will also occur.The hidden infection process may be the main reason for the large-scale spread of the disease: the patient will not be examined in time and continue to infect others unconsciously.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) can be called a good example of a hidden infectious agent.Most people will be infected with at least one HPV throughout their lives, but in all cases, the clinical manifestations of the disease are not.Doctors attribute the increased risk of forming malignant tumors, distant infection complications.Furthermore, patients with immunodeficiency often have such negative effects on the disease.Theme medications help suppress the symptoms of HPV infection.It is also recommended to get vaccinated in a timely manner.

More information about the disease

Human papillomavirus is an infectious pathogen that affects the skin and mucous membranes of the organs.The main manifestation of this disease is the growth of tumors in the human area, mouth and throat.In some cases, pointed nipple are formed in nonspecific places, such as the skin of the lower and upper limbs.Wart location depends on the type of HPV.In most people, infection causes hidden infection transmission, but, as immunity decreases, the virus begins to show its virulence.In some cases, immune-capable cells independently destroy pathogens within 3-6 months of invasion.

HPV infection is the most common sexually transmitted disease.This indicator can be explained by the high virulence of the virus and the asymptomatic flow of pathology in most people.Condom use does not always avoid infection, so patients can continue to spread the virus even through protected sexual contact.Meanwhile, experts have developed effective vaccines to prevent the development of carcinogenic forms of HPV.Immunization of adolescent girls must be instilled before the first sexual encounter.

Characteristics of the virus

Human papillomavirus is a DNA-containing pathogen.Unlike bacteria and other microorganisms, viruses can only show their activity after they are introduced into the cage and embedded their own genetic information into the core.After that, the affected cells begin to synthesize the proteins needed to assemble the virus particles.Almost all papillomaviruses have only one organism that represents a family attack, and HPV infection can only occur in humans.

Scientists know more than 600 strains (types) of human papillomavirus, which are characterized by genetic information.40 types of HPV are caused by various forms of damage to the mucosa and skin.At the same time, the classification of the degree of carcinogenicity of the strain is crucial.Therefore, cervical cancer in women most often occurs in the invasion of HPV 16 and 18.These infectious agents are not always manifested by skin changes.

HPV is striking in the basal layer of the epithelium.Pathogens can exist in the form of occasional groups that are not related to cellular DNA or in the form of comprehensives that are related to cellular genomes.It is a comprehensive virus that produces necessary proteins and causes clinical manifestations of the disease.The lifespan of HPV in the body is not the direct cause of malignant tissue degeneration, but the transport of the virus increases the risk of cancer risk factors.

Infection method

The virus is found in basal epithelial cells, so any microorganisms in the skin and mucous membranes increase the risk of infection.In most cases, HPV is transmitted through vaginal, anal, or oral sexual contact.Condoms can only be secured by parts of the skin surface, but virus particles can still penetrate the body through other lids.The presence of genital warts is prone to the spread of pathogens, but the external intact skin of the disease carrier is also the source of HPV.

Other transmission paths

1. The child is infected during childbirth.Children usually suffer from respiratory failure
2. Viruses transfer from one part of the body to another
3. General uses of personal hygiene items, including razors, toothbrushes and towels
4. Blood transfusion.Recent studies have confirmed the possibility of transfusion infection.
5. Surgical interventions under non-hard conditions

Although there are many causes of viral invasion, only the sexual pathways of HPV infection are clinical.Other sources of infection are characterized by low risk of pathogens.

Risk factors

In addition to the direct transmission of HPV, the role of risk factors must also be considered.We are talking about the characteristics of human lifestyles and certain physical states.

Key risk factors for infection

1. A lot of sexual partners.Even if you have safe sex, you will sooner or later have an active sex life.
2. age.In most cases, genital warts are detected in both adolescents and young patients, and assistive tumors of the oral and respiratory system are characteristic of children.
3. The immune system is weakened.Patients with HIV infection or acquired immunodeficiency are at high risk of viral invasion.Similarly, HPV usually manifests itself in symptoms after an organ transplant.
4. Damage to the skin and mucous membranes.Microomas help viruses penetrate into the basal layer of the epithelium.
5. Smoking and drinking.Bad habits weaken immune activity.
6. Intravenous infection.

In addition, pregnant women are included in the risk of infection.It should be remembered that eliminating predispositions of disease is an effective prevention strategy.

Clinical current

The incubation period before the disease symptoms may last for several months.In patients with immune capacity, the body can destroy the infection during this period, but spontaneous elimination of pathogens does not always occur.A person can be infected with several strains of the virus at the same time.Signs of HPV infection occur when exposed to adverse factors that weaken tissue immune protection.Due to the recurring process, condoloma disappears regularly and forms again.Oncological complications of infection can develop for decades.

Possible consequences of the disease:

1. Cervical cancer - a malignant tumor in epithelial tissue.This type of oncology is only associated with human papillomavirus.With timely vaccination, the risk of tumor development is reduced.
2. Anal pores - cell carcinoma.This complication can occur in men and women.Early symptoms of anal cancer include bleeding and itchy skin.
3. Violations of urination caused by urethral obstruction of the auxiliary tumor.
4. Malignant rebirth of warts in the throat and mouth.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of death in women.Because this disease is associated with viral invasion, it is necessary to undergo regular examinations from gynecologists.Modern vaccines protect women from HPV, the largest cancerous type.

diagnosis

Gynecologists, urologists, venologists and dermatologists engage in condil examinations.During the initial appointment, the doctor will ask the patient for complaints, collect isolation data and check for skin formation.Usually, HPV manifestations are easily identified, but other diseases must be ruled out.To this end, experts will provide tools and laboratory research.

Necessary diagnostic methods:

1. Instrumental examination of the vagina and cervix (colposcopy).Such research is bound to be used to screen for cervical cancer.During the examination, doctors can detect multiple areas of papilloma and epithelial dysplasia.
2. Biopsy - Obtain tissue material in areas of skin or mucus change.Cytological studies of samples allow you to identify malignant cells.
3. Polymerase chain reaction - Detection of HPV virus particles in vivo.Performing this test gives doctors the opportunity to determine pathogen strains and viral load.
4. The Digene test is a high-precision detection of DNA from a human papillomavirus carcinogenic strain.This study was used as a reliable screening.

In addition to these studies, doctors will also recommend that patients test other infectious diseases, including HIV and syphilis.

Drug treatment

Developed preparations for HPV infection can only eliminate symptoms of the disease and prevent tissue deformity.It is impossible to completely eliminate the virus with medication.Oral and topical medications are prescribed at high risk of tumorigenesis, immunodeficiency and other adverse conditions.If the virus does not manifest itself in the form of external changes, general precautions are usually taken.

Possible dates

1. Salicylic acid removes warts.It is not used to deal with the skin of the face and genitals.
2. Creams and ointments containing immunomodulators.
3. Podofilo - Ointment with cell inhibitory effect.Applying drugs to affected skin can cause damage to pathogenic elements.
4. Trinucleic acids are used for chemical sintering of general and genital warts.It may lead to local parts.

The drugs listed should be used only under medical control.After the warts are removed, HPV infection can be manifested again and even spread to other areas.

Surgical treatment

Doctors can provide patients with surgery and minimally invasive methods to remove warts.Usually, this approach does not cause complications, but tissue bleeding may occur on the first day after the intervention.

Type of intervention:

1. Ordinary surgical resection;
2. Freeze with liquid nitrogen and then destroy the affected tissue;
3. electrocondensation;
4. Use laser to remove papilloma.
5. Use a radio "knife".

All procedures were performed under local anesthesia.Experts will choose the safest treatment of pore-based methods.

forecast

The process of papillomavirus infection depends on the patient's immune status and the specific strain of the virus.About 30% of the population spontaneously eliminates pathogens caused by active immunity.Symptoms, the disease is often manifested in pregnant women, children, elderly people and patients with immunodeficiency.

HPV infection is characterized by regular courses.The formed papilloma can gradually disappear or spread to adjacent skin.Carcinogenic strains of the virus often affect the mucosa of the cervix, while the resulting epithelial dysplasia can enhance the effects of risk factors for malignant tissue degeneration, such as smoking and the use of oral contraceptives.Tumors can form 10-20 years after the virus invades the body.

prevention

The most reliable method of prevention is early immunity.The Gardasil vaccine containing viral proteins and auxiliary components is effective against HPV types 6, 11, 16 and 18.If vaccination is performed early until the first sexual contact, the risk of subsequent cervical cancer in the woman is no more than 1%.

Additional Prevention:

1. Use condoms;
2. Sex only with trusted partners;
3. Total personal hygiene;
4. Gynecological examination is at least once a year.